TAZKIYATUN NAFS AS A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO OVERCOMING STUDENT ANXIETY IN THE DIGITAL ERA INTEGRATION OF CLASSICAL TASAWUF AND CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32699/h8eg5v84Keywords:
tazkiyatun nafs, student anxiety, digital era, mental health, Islamic educationAbstract
This study examines tazkiyatun nafs (soul purification) as a culturally-grounded approach to addressing student anxiety in the digital era. Contemporary university students face unprecedented challenges including information overload, social media-induced anxiety, and intense academic pressure, contributing to escalating mental health concerns. Employing a qualitative library research methodology, this study analyzes classical and contemporary Sufism literature on tazkiyatun nafs and its application to digital-age student anxiety. Findings reveal that tazkiyatun nafs encompasses three progressive stages: takhalli (elimination of negative traits), tahalli (cultivation of virtuous qualities), and tajalli (spiritual illumination). These stages provide a comprehensive framework for managing digital anxiety through: (1) digital detox as takhalli, (2) positive spiritual habit formation as tahalli, and (3) mindful awareness as tajalli. The practical contribution of this research is a tazkiyatun nafs-based spiritual guidance model integrable into Islamic higher education student well-being programs. This approach offers a holistic, culturally-resonant solution that transcends symptom reduction to foster character transformation and life reorientation toward authentic flourishing (sa'ādah ḥaqīqiyyah).
References
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Firdasari, Auliya Adiba Rahma, and M Bakar. “Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Al-Ghazali: Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Spiritual Dan Akhlak Dalam Pembelajaran.” PUTIH: Jurnal Pengetahuan Tentang Ilmu Dan Hikmah, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51498/putih.2025.10(1).73-92.
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Guan, Ningkun, and Yuhan Shang. “The Impact of Image Comparison on The Self-Identity Formation of Female University Students on Social Media.” Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.61173/7ysnjt10.
Harrington, K, R Eres, and M H Lim. “The Web-Based Uprise Program for Mental Health in Australian University Students: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.” JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 11 (2020): e21307.
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Hussain, Zahra, Muhammad Faisal, and Adeel Malik. “Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Anxiety among University Students in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Study.” JMIR Formative Research 7 (2023). https://doi.org/10.2196/43037.
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Khoir, Mulyanto Abdullah, Moh Luthfi, and M Azis. “Konsep Pendidikan Anak Dalam Islam Menurut Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah.” TSAQOFAH, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i1.4723.
Lally, P, C H M van Jaarsveld, H W W Potts, and J Wardle. “How Are Habits Formed: Modelling Habit Formation in the Real World.” European Journal of Social Psychology 40, no. 6 (2010): 998–1009.
Ma’muroh, M, A Abqorina, and A Amrin. “The Concept of Tazkiyatun Nafs by Al-Ghazali and Its Implementation at Pesantren Darut Tasbih Tangerang.” Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan 4, no. 2 (2024).
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Qiu, Y, Y Zhou, X Li, Z Wang, and Y Huang. “Anxiety Mediates the Effect of Social Media Addiction on Negative Attentional Bias: A Cross-Sectional Study among Chinese University Students.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 16 (2025): 1592132.
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Rothman, Abdallah, and A Coyle. “No Title” 57, no. 5 (2018): 1731–44. https://consensus.app/papers/toward-a-framework-for-islamic-psychology-and-coyle-rothman/016fefa7fa2e57d79101af756815deb6/.
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Wandira, Ayu, M Saleh, and Ahmad Fuadi. “Konsep Tazkiyat Al-Nafs Al-Ghazali Sebagai Metode Dalam Pendidikan Akhlak.” Khazanah : Journal of Islamic Studies, 2023. https://doi.org/10.51178/khazanah.v2i1.1178.
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Al-Qurṭubī. Al-Jāmi’ Li-Aḥkām Al-Qur’ān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah, 2006.
al-Rāzī, Fakhr. Mafātīḥ Al-Ghayb (Al-Tafsīr Al-Kabīr). Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1990.
Alanzi, T, W M Arif, R Aqeeli, B M Alotaibi, S Alotaibi, M Alosaimi, G O Alshuwaier, A F Alshehri, and K Aljohani. “Examining the Impact of Digital Detox Interventions on Anxiety and Depression Levels among Young Adults.” Cureus 16, no. 11 (2024): e75625.
Amanda Agni Oktavia Ramadhani, Siti Rahmawati, Roshim Ahmad Musyaffa, Shella Aulia Putri, Raysha Ramadhani, and Najwa Amalia. “Akhlak Tasawuf And Ethical Competence Of The Future English Teachers.” ALFIHRIS : Jurnal Inspirasi Pendidikan 2, no. 4 (June 24, 2024): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.59246/alfihris.v2i4.921.
Anisa Sapitri, None, None Alfi Julizun Azwar, and None Heni Indrayani. “Konsep Taubat Perspektif Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah Dalam Kitab at-Taubah Wa Al-Inabah Sebagai Tazkiyatun Nafs” 2, no. 3 (2025): 195–209. https://doi.org/10.70182/jca.v2i3.1008.
APJII. “Laporan Survei Penetrasi & Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia 2024.” Jakarta: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia, 2024.
Apriyadi, A. “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Spritualitas Islam Untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan Sosial Remaja.” Counselle| Journal of Islamic Guidance and Counseling, 2022. https://doi.org/10.32923/couns.v2i1.2304.
Ariff, S Z. “Integrating Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Islamic Principles to Foster Psychological and Spiritual Well-Being.” Jurnal Psikologi UGM 52, no. 2 (2025).
Aulia, S, and Ria Utami Panjaitan. “Kesejahteraan Psikologis Dan Tingkat Stres Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir.” Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 2019. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.7.2.2019.127-134.
Azhar, D, Muhammad Alfan Bahij, Ismail Hasan, and S Rohimah. “Konsep Pendidikan Jiwa Menurut Ibnu Qayyim: Pendekatan Spiritualitas Dan Akhlak Dalam Islam.” TSAQOFAH, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v4i3.3068.
Azka, F, and D F Firdaus. “Kecemasan Sosial Dan Ketergantungan Media Sosial Pada Mahasiswa.” Psympathic: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 2023.
Bhattacharya, Sudip, Sandip Bhattacharya, V Vallabh, R Marzo, R Juyal, and Ozden Gokdemir. “Digital Well-Being Through the Use of Technology–A Perspective.” International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS 12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.21106/ijma.588.
Cania, Lita Fitara, Netrawati, and Yeni. “PENDEKATAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) DALAM KONSELING KELOMPOK UNTUK MENGATASI KECEMASAN AKADEMIK DALAM PENYELESAIAN TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA.” Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosial, 2022. https://doi.org/10.58540/jipsi.v1i4.91.
Chen, Chenyi, Yu-Chun Chen, Kuan-Ling Chen, and Yawei Cheng. “Atypical Anxiety-Related Amygdala Reactivity and Functional Connectivity in Sant Mat Meditation.” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00298.
El-Khoury, J, Riwa Haidar, Rama Kanj, Linda Bou Ali, and Ghaidaa Majari. “Characteristics of Social Media ‘Detoxification’ in University Students.” The Libyan Journal of Medicine 16 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/19932820.2020.1846861.
Fajrussalam, H, I Hasanah, N O A Asri, and N A Anaureta. “Peran Agama Islam Dalam Pengaruh Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa.” Al-Fikri: Jurnal Studi Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 2022.
Fikri, H M. “The Application of Spiritual Counseling to Overcome Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A Case Study on Client ‘I’ from Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.” Jurnal Konseling Pendidikan Islam, 2023.
Firdasari, Auliya Adiba Rahma, and M Bakar. “Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Al-Ghazali: Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Spiritual Dan Akhlak Dalam Pembelajaran.” PUTIH: Jurnal Pengetahuan Tentang Ilmu Dan Hikmah, 2025. https://doi.org/10.51498/putih.2025.10(1).73-92.
GBD 2021 Mental Disorders Collaborators. “Global Trends in Anxiety Disorders Prevalence among Adolescents and Young Adults, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (2024): 1489427.
Guan, Ningkun, and Yuhan Shang. “The Impact of Image Comparison on The Self-Identity Formation of Female University Students on Social Media.” Interdisciplinary Humanities and Communication Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.61173/7ysnjt10.
Harrington, K, R Eres, and M H Lim. “The Web-Based Uprise Program for Mental Health in Australian University Students: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.” JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 11 (2020): e21307.
Hidayah, Nurul, Raden Irawati Ismail, and Sri Yuliawati. “Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities during COVID-19.” Psychology Research and Behavior Management 15 (2022): 3013–25. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S381926.
Huang, Chiungjung. “A Meta-Analysis of the Problematic Social Media Use and Mental Health.” International Journal of Social Psychiatry 68 (2020): 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020978434.
Hussain, Zahra, Muhammad Faisal, and Adeel Malik. “Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Anxiety among University Students in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Study.” JMIR Formative Research 7 (2023). https://doi.org/10.2196/43037.
Isgandarova, Nazila. “Muraqaba as a Mindfulness-Based Therapy in Islamic Psychotherapy.” Journal of Religion and Health, 2018, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0695-y.
Kathīr, Ibn. Tafsīr Al-Qur’ān Al-’Aẓīm. Kairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2000.
Khoir, Mulyanto Abdullah, Moh Luthfi, and M Azis. “Konsep Pendidikan Anak Dalam Islam Menurut Ibnu Qayyim Al-Jauziyah.” TSAQOFAH, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v5i1.4723.
Lally, P, C H M van Jaarsveld, H W W Potts, and J Wardle. “How Are Habits Formed: Modelling Habit Formation in the Real World.” European Journal of Social Psychology 40, no. 6 (2010): 998–1009.
Ma’muroh, M, A Abqorina, and A Amrin. “The Concept of Tazkiyatun Nafs by Al-Ghazali and Its Implementation at Pesantren Darut Tasbih Tangerang.” Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan 4, no. 2 (2024).
Maslow, A H. “A Theory of Human Motivation.” Psychological Review 50, no. 4 (1943): 370–96.
Mufidah, Intan. “Moderasi Beragama: Studi Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Syamsul Kurniawan.” Jurnal Pendidikan Kebudayaan Dan Keislaman, 2025. https://doi.org/10.24260/jpkk.v4i1.4106.
Murjani, M. “KONSEP PENDIDIKAN MENURUT AL-QUR’AN HADIS.” MUSHAF JOURNAL: Jurnal Ilmu Al Quran Dan Hadis, 2022. https://doi.org/10.54443/mushaf.v2i1.16.
Newberg, A, M R Waldman, N Wintering, D S Khalsa, A Alavi, and J Chae. “A Case Series Study of the Neurophysiological Effects of Altered States of Mind during Intense Islamic Prayers.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 21, no. 2 (2015): 109–19.
Nugraha, A D. Memahami Kecemasan: Perspektif Psikologi Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Ilmu, 2020.
Nurhasanah, Ninda, and Alfadhli Tasman. “Peran Muhasabah Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar.” Ulil Albab Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 2, no. 10 (2023): 4794–4810. https://doi.org/10.56799/jim.v2i10.2231.
Organization, World Health. Mental Health Atlas 2024: Over a Billion People Living with Mental Health Conditions, Services Require Urgent Scale-Up. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2024. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240114487.
Prochaska, J O, and C C DiClemente. “Stages and Processes of Self-Change of Smoking: Toward an Integrative Model of Change.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51, no. 3 (1983): 390–95.
Putri, T H, and D Priyono. “Sleep Quality and Anxiety among College Students in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.” Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 6, no. Special Issue 1 (2021): 93–98.
Qiu, Y, Y Zhou, X Li, Z Wang, and Y Huang. “Anxiety Mediates the Effect of Social Media Addiction on Negative Attentional Bias: A Cross-Sectional Study among Chinese University Students.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 16 (2025): 1592132.
Rahmah, Mamluatur. “SUFI HEALING DAN NEURO LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING.” Syi’ar: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, Penyuluhan Dan Bimbingan Masyarakat Islam, 2019. https://doi.org/10.37567/syiar.v2i2.579.
Ramli, Zulfikar F M, I Wijayanto, and Sugondo Hadiyoso. “Deteksi Kondisi Konsentrasi Berdasarkan Sinyal Eeg Dengan Stimulasi Menghafal Al-Quran” 5 (2018). https://consensus.app/papers/deteksi-kondisi-konsentrasi-berdasarkan-sinyal-eeg-ramli-wijayanto/29e32c511fc65b0d832b12598775840a/.
Rofiqoh, L M. “Mental Health and Spirituality: Qur’anic Teaching and Approaches to Mental Health in the Modern Era.” Al-Fahmu: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir 4, no. 1 (2023): 28–49.
Rohmatun, S, and M Maryatun. “Intervensi Mindfulness Spiritual Islam Sebagai Upaya Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan Upaya Kesehatan Jiwa Bagi Mahasiswa Keperawatan.” Avicenna: Journal of Health Research 5, no. 1 (2022): 77–88.
Rothman, A, and A Coyle. “Conceptualizing an Islamic Psychotherapy: A Grounded Theory Study.” Spirituality in Clinical Practice 7, no. 4 (2020): 267–81.
Rothman, Abdallah, and A Coyle. “No Title” 57, no. 5 (2018): 1731–44. https://consensus.app/papers/toward-a-framework-for-islamic-psychology-and-coyle-rothman/016fefa7fa2e57d79101af756815deb6/.
Saritoprak, Seyma, Julie Exline, and Hisham Abu-Raiya. “Spiritual Jihad as an Emerging Psychological Concept: Connections with Religious/Spiritual Struggles, Virtues, and Perceived Growth.” Journal of Muslim Mental Health 14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3998/JMMH.10381607.0014.205.
Seligman, M E P. Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. New York: Free Press, 2011.
Usman, Kasmah, A Abubakar, and M Mahfudz. “Self-Evaluation in Perspective of Surah Al-Isrā Verse 14th.” Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 2021. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v25i2.44961.
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2025-12-15
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Volume 8
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Copyright (c) 2025 rahmat lutfi guefara, Robingun Suyud El Syam, Ngatoillah Linnaja (Author)
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“TAZKIYATUN NAFS AS A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO OVERCOMING STUDENT ANXIETY IN THE DIGITAL ERA INTEGRATION OF CLASSICAL TASAWUF AND CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY”. 2025. PARAMUROBI: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM 8 (2): 222-45. https://doi.org/10.32699/h8eg5v84.
