PARAMUROBI: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM

RELASI IDENTIK ANTARA SEPAKBOLA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Nugroho Prasetya Adi, Zhul Fahmy Hasani, Robingun Suyud El Syam — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Football has become one of the most popular spectator sports on the planet. It not only offers match attractions on the field, but also offers a series of rituals and euphoria of togetherness for the audience. Therefore, a review is needed to understand how football is linked to the Islamic religion. This research aims to review the identical relationship between football and Islamic education. A systematic and transparent framework was used to search, select and report relevant articles. This research synthesizes a collection of identified articles using library analysis, where each article is identified to see its relevance. This study concludes that football is identical to the teachings of the Islamic religion, where the spirit of sportsmanship is the rule of the game that must be obeyed in football, and piety is a symbol of religious obedience. Obedience to religious rules or values is the result to be achieved in Islamic education. This report highlights future research avenues and identifies gaps in the field of Islamic education in football. Research implications, Islamic education researchers in football and senior practitioners can use this literature review to review the current football and religion literature. This can also be useful for non-Islamic education researchers who intend to conduct multidisciplinary research. This research looks at the literature on Islamic education in football by considering the latest literature and a fresh perspective.

STRATEGI MENGATASI SISWA YANG TIDUR SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN

Sarwan Abubakar, Yunia Nabila Aziziy — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to reduce students sleeping habits during learning in class 8C SMP Negeri 3 Sampang through the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method using teh Kurt Lewin model. Conducted in the even semester of the 2023/2024 school year, the study involved 32 students with a focus on changes in sleep patterns and learning concentration. From the results, internal and external strategies proved effective, including efforts to motivate students about the negative impact of sleep deprivation on health and learning performance, as well as changing the classroom atmosphere and conducting learning outside the classroom. The data showed that the majority of students experienced disturbed sleep patterns and had good learning concentration. The implication of this study is the importance of maintaining good sleep patterns to improve students’ learning concentration and health, taking into account the impact of technology such as smartphone use.

LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN

Yulsiva Anissatun Nadhiroh, Moch Tolchah, Moh. Nu’man — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:12:38 +0700

Lingkungan pendidikan tidak dijelaskan secara eksplisit dalam Al-Qur'an, namun ada beberapa tanda yang menunjukkan adanya lingkungan pendidikan Keluarga merupakan lingkungan pendidikan pertama dimana anak memperoleh pendidikan. Pada titik inilah di dalam keluarga diletakkan fondasi kepribadian seorang anak. Sekolah sebagai lingkungan kedua yang mengembangkan potensi lingkungan hidup yang dimiliki oleh anak. Sekolah merupakan lingkungan tempat siswa menyerap nilai-nilai akademik termasuk bersosialisasi dengan guru dan teman sekolah. Masyarakat merupakan lembaga pendidikan setelah keluarga dan sekolah. Nuansa berbagai pendidikan yang diterima peserta didik di masyarakat, meliputi seluruh bidang baik pembentukan kebiasaan, pembentukan pengetahuan, sikap, minat, serta pembentukan moralitas dan agama. Lingkungan alam juga dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kulitatif dengan pendekatan library research dengan sumber data primer yaitu jurnal, artikel, dan buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan lingkungan pendidikan Islam. Hasilnya menunjukkan banyak sekali ayat di dalam al-Qur’an yang menjelaskan tentang lingkungan pendidikan dan mengklasifikasikannya menjadi tiga yaitu: lignkungan pendidikan keluarga, lingkungan pendidikan madrasah, dan lingkungan pendidikan masyarakat. Lingkungan pendidikan ini saling berkorelasi secara kuat untuk dapat menumbuhkan karakter manusia sesuai keislaman.

Kata kunci: Lingkungan, Pendidikan, al-Qur’an

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI PANCA JIWA PONDOK MODERN DAN KONTRIBUSINYA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KEMANDIRIAN USAHA PRODUKTIF SANTRI

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:21:10 +0700

Islamic boarding school is an Islamic educational institution with a dormitory system, which is considered to have a conducive learning environment to shape the character and application of Islamic teaching values to students in their daily lives. One of the values applied in Islamic boarding schools is the five souls, namely the spirit of the boarding school which is the foundation and guide for behavior. However, with the rapid development of the times and science and technology, many problems and errors in thinking patterns have emerged regarding the education provided by Islamic boarding schools, including the Al-Hasyimiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School. Therefore, this research aims to analyze in more depth the implementation of the five soul values of modern Islamic boarding schools to shape the character of the students of Al-Hasyimiyah modern Islamic boarding school. In its implementation, the researcher used a qualitative case study type method, which used primary data sources obtained from participant observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study show that the five souls implemented by the Al-Hasyimiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School are sincerity, simplicity, independence, Islamic brotherhood, and freedom. The implementation of the five souls of modern Islamic boarding school is to form the independence of the students' productive economic efforts of class 6 KMI students at the Al-Hasyimiyah Modern Islamic Boarding School through daily activities at the Islamic boarding school and the example of the religious teachers. These activities are actualized in the form of daily to annual activity programs.

MEDIA WAYANG DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM

Rini Suhestiwi, Ika Elsa Junita, Novita Damayanti — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:25:37 +0700

This research explores the use of wayang media as a medium for learning the history of Islamic culture. Wayang, which has strong cultural roots in Indonesia, can be an effective medium for conveying Islamic historical values to students. Through a literature review, we examine how wayang can bring Islamic historical narratives to life, enrich learning experiences, and increase students' understanding of the material being taught. The research results show that the use of wayang in learning the history of Islamic culture not only increases students' interest and participation, but also helps them internalize Islamic cultural values more deeply.

KONTRIBUSI MUHAMMAD AL-FATIH DALAM MENINGKATKAN ILMU MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI TURKI

Siti Fatmawati Kumala, Anis Maslihah, Imron Rossidy — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:28:45 +0700

The purpose of this article is to find out the extent of Sultan Muhammad Al Fatih's contribution in developing science through Islamic education in Turkey, It is reviewed from a historical aspect related to the situation and conditions of education in Turkey during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih which is then described explicitly. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, while the data collection process was carried out using the library research. The results of this study indicate that the contribution of Sultan Muhammad Al Fatih in developing science through Islamic education in Turkey can be seen from the efforts to develop academies and schools, Such as the use of the Ayashofiyah and Zayrek mosques as the first Islamic education center in Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey). then he developed Darul Funun which is now the forerunner of Istanbul University. Apart from that, Muhammad Al-Fatih also built several educational institutions including Miftah school, Kirkha school, Ellili school, Sahn-I school, Altmish school. Hasiye-I Tecrid school, Zeyrek school, Tetimme school, Otuzlu school, Haric Ibtidayah school, Darul hadis school, Darul shifa school, Eyup school, Mektep school.

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN SITUASIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU: A LITERATURE REVIEW IN INDONESIAN CONTEXT

Rafika Indah, Hasan Hariri, Riswanti Rini, Atik Rusdiani — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The performance of qualified and professional teachers is one of the key factors for success in school learning. The better the teacher's performance, the better the quality of educational services. There are many factors that influence teacher performance. One of them is the leadership of the school principal. Among the various styles of school principal leadership, this article focuses on analyzing the influence of situational leadership of school principals on teacher performance, which has so far received little attention from researchers. This research uses a literature review method, where data is collected through articles from 2014 to 2023. A total of 14 articles were collected through Google Scholar. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant influence of situational leadership of school principals on teacher performance. This article is expected to be a reference for further research from a theoretical aspect, namely to increase knowledge about the influence of situational leadership of school principals on teacher performance.

UPAYA GURU PAI DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI-NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Windila Santoso, Betty Mauli Rosa Bustam, Betty Mauli Rosa Bustam — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:39:50 +0700

This research was conducted on the basis of problems with the cultivation of values in religious moderation in primary schools The researcher took the initiative to find data on how Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers are trying to instil moderation values in students In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and documentation The research subjects in this study are all elements in SDN Potrojayan 3. Where the results of this research are in the form of IRE teachers' efforts in instilling religious moderation values, IRE teachers do several things, namely, providing good examples or models in attitudes, during teaching and learning activities in the classroom, when creating habituation programs, making wall magazines, and in informing and providing understanding about the importance of maintaining tolerance

EFEKTIVITAS METODE PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA

khofifah hidayatuz; Akhmad Sholeh — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:43:14 +0700

This research explains the study of the effectiveness of learning methods in teachers/lecturers with Islamic Religious Education students class of 2023/2024. Knowledge and learning in the Islamic Cultural History course is something that is applied by many institutions. This history will seem boring if a student does not like it and the teacher does not have an interesting and effective learning method. This research uses an interview method with three student resource persons and two lecturers teaching the Islamic Cultural History course at PAI 2023.2024. The results of this study show that a student feels more interested and active if the method used is not rigid, such as only limited to lectures and discussions. More than that, the two lecturers applied unique methods according to the theme of the meeting and the course. The level of activeness and critical thinking of students began to be honed when a teacher provided motivation and appreciation after what was done by the two students. Grading is not always below average, but lecturers still provide good and medium grades depending on the suitability of the students. Completion of final assignments, UAS/UTS, and activeness, class attendance. This research is limited to certain majors and batches to see the level of effectiveness of learning methods on students. This research can be continued with a wider landscape at certain institutions with a particular focus.

ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK PENGGUNAAN TIK DALAM PAI

Gilbrania Affa — Mon, 09 Dec 2024 20:45:01 +0700

The rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) occurs in all fields, including Islamic Education (PAI). The learning process of PAI must continue to adapt to the development of ICT so that learning remains relevant and effective. This study was designed to (1) find out which literature has the highest number of citations; and (2) find out the trend of ICT usage in PAI. The method used was bibliometric analysis with VOSViewer application. The research data was collected from scientific research publications through the Google Scholar database with a search on Harzing's Publish or Perish (PoP) application in the period 2019-2024. Searching for key words in the title and abstract of the research resulted in 134 relevant published literature. The results showed that research using ICT in PAI as theme was most researched in 2022. R Rubiantica is the author with the highest citation which is 259 under the title ‘Interactive Learning Media Lectora Inspire as A Learning Innovation’ that was published in 2021. Topics that are rarely discussed apart from keywords are related to benefits, PAI teachers, and elementary schools. The limitations of this study only take the database on publications from Google Scholar within period 2019-2024 and the search results in PoP are limited to 200 literatures. Other national and international databases were not taken into account in this study.

INOVASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM BERBASIS KISAH AL-QUR’AN: MENELAAH INSPIRASI DAN IMPLEMENTASI DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:10:55 +0700

The Islamic education is closely related to the story of the Qur’an. Much Islamic education is contained in the stories of the Qur’an. The aim this research is to examine story of Qur'an as a source of innovation for Islamic education. This research uses a library method with a qualitative descriptive approach. In this research, it was found that in the stories of Qur'an there is a lot of inspiration to be applied in Islamic education. Integrating Quranic stories into curriculum can enhance students' educational experiences and spiritual growth. There are values of Islamic education in story of Qoran, including value of monotheism education, value of intellectual education, value of moral education, value of sexual education, value of spiritual education and value of democratic education. Methods from Qur'an stories that can be applied in Islamic education, such as the tarhib method, exemplary method, 'ibrah method, through learning method, and others. The implication of this research is Islamic education can be enriched and deepened through a rich exploration the educational values contained in the story of Qoran and what lies behind it. So this has implications for the development and improvement of Islamic education.

ORGANISASI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR'AN

MUHAMMAD ARROYAN, Slamet Untung, Zaenal Mustakim — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:15:33 +0700

Organisation is a fundamental necessity for humanity, helping individuals to achieve shared objectives in various areas, including education. Management serves as an important tool in ensuring that organisations operate effectively and productively. This research discusses the organisation of education from the perspective of the Qur’an, emphasising the significance of a clear structure and division of tasks, as well as adaptability to change. The Qur’an, through the concept of "at-tanzhim," underscores orderliness and regulation in the organisation of education. This study employs a qualitative approach, specifically a literature review methodology, collecting data from exegesis texts and relevant references, and analysing it to draw conclusions. The results indicate that the organisation of Islamic education not only focuses on academic achievements but also on character development. Principles such as trust, justice, and consultation are essential in creating an inclusive and fair educational environment. The implementation of Islamic values in education can shape students' character and optimise the resources available. Thus, educational institutions are expected to respond effectively to existing challenges while remaining steadfast in adhering to Islamic principles.

SUMBER DAN MEDIA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR'AN DAN HADITS

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:20:47 +0700

This research examines the importance of sources and media of Islamic education from the perspective of the Qur’an and Hadith. Islamic education covers all aspects of life, with the Qur’an and Hadith as its main sources. This topic was chosen because Islamic education does not only focus on spiritual and moral aspects, but must also be able to integrate modern technology and media in the learning process. In the midst of rapid technological development, the use of appropriate media is key to bridging students with the challenges of the modern world, strengthening religious understanding, and improving the quality of learning outcomes. This research uses the literature research method, collecting data from books, articles, journals, and online sources. The results show that the Qur’an, As-Sunnah and ijtihad are the main sources of Islamic education, while educational media, both traditional and modern, have proven effective in stimulating interest in learning, strengthening memory and improving students’ academic performance. This research also emphasizes the need for continuous innovation in the development of Islamic education media to face the challenges of the digital era, while ensuring that Islamic values remain relevant and applicable in daily life.

URGENSI PENDIDIKAN PROFETIK PADA ERA MILENIAL DALAM MENANGKAL FAHAM RADIKALISME DI PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM

Zainal Abidin, Tobibatussaadah Saadah — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:24:45 +0700

This study aiming to expose about development movement radicalism among student in the modern era when entering the millennial era. This research is study qualitative with use method analysis document in various the source in the form of information from journals, book and actual news. In general line big results study show that; First, doctrine radical in the millennial era happen because socializing between fellow student and influence information from social media especially easy internet accessed and studied on sites that teach about views Islamic fundamentalists. Second in a way factual lots exposed students by understand radical originate from various campus college tall in a way easy infiltrated by influence movement fundamentalist or revivalist. Third, prophetic education is one alternative that can taught with carry out the learning process and introduce values of prophetic education that puts forward values humanity, tolerance, and moderation religion, diversity, and accommodation on every difference understand good that comes within the Muslim community as well as from abroad from people outside of Islam.

IMPLEMENTASI INTEGRASI SAINS DAN ISLAM DALAM KURIKULUM DI UNIVERSITAS SAINS AL-QUR’AN WONOSOBO

Ngatoillah Linnaja — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:26:35 +0700

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the integration of science and Islam in the curriculum of Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an (UNSIQ) Wonosobo as an effort to address the dichotomy between secular and religious sciences that persists in Islamic education. Using a case study approach, this research examines the concept, methods of implementation, and challenges encountered in this integration. The findings reveal that UNSIQ’s concept of integration focuses on unifying worldly and spiritual knowledge through a harmonious approach between revelation and intellect. Its implementation is carried out through the development of an Islamic values-based curriculum applied across all courses, aiming to foster a comprehensive understanding for students in connecting scientific knowledge with religious values. However, this implementation faces several challenges, including curriculum dualism, limited understanding among lecturers, and insufficient policy and resource support. This study recommends strengthening university policies, adequate budget allocation, and enhancing lecturer competencies to ensure the effective and sustainable integration of science and Islam at UNSIQ.

ANALISIS MODEL DEEP DIALOGUE DALAM PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DI ERA DIGITAL

Muhamad Mauris Faruqi Ali, Syahidin Syahidin — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:29:16 +0700

In the digital era, critical thinking skills have become an indispensable competency to face global challenges and filter abundant information. The Deep Dialogue model focuses on deep interactions between teachers and students, designed to stimulate analytical, reflective, and evaluative thinking. This article reviews various literature sources that discuss the application of this model in various educational contexts. Findings from the literature study show that the Deep Dialogue model can strengthen students' abilities in critical thinking, especially in terms of analyzing arguments, solving problems, and evaluating information better. However, to achieve full effectiveness, teachers are required to facilitate in-depth dialogue and use supportive digital technology. This research concludes that the Deep Dialogue model can be a relevant and effective learning strategy for developing critical thinking skills needed to face the challenges of the information age.

METODE WALI KELAS DALAM MEMBINA AKHLAK SANTRI DI PONDOK MODERN DARUSSALAM GONTOR 7

subhi nur nurdin, M. Sholihin, M. Rizkal Fajri — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Tujuan pendidikan adalah mengutamakan akhlak peserta didik, sehingga peneliti perlu mendalami metode pembinaan akhlak yang diterapkan oleh wali kelas di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Gontor 7 Tahun 1445-1446 H kepada peserta didik baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan sumber utama data manusia (Resource Person), dan temuan penelitian disimpulkan dengan pernyataan yang terdiri dari kalimat dan kata. Hasil dari pembahasan ini adalah metode yang digunakan oleh wali kelas menggunakan beberapa metode, yaitu metode uswatun hasanah (keteladanan), metode pembiasaan positif, metode pemberian nasehat, metode pengawasan, serta Targhib (Pahala) dan Tarhib. Metode (Hukuman), Dalam hal ini metode wali kelas sudah berjalan dengan baik dan terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan akhlak yaitu faktor pengurus asrama, wali, minat, bakat, dan lingkungan sosial.

TEKNIK PENILAIAN FORMATIF ASPEK KOGNITIF MATA PELAJARAN PAI KURIKULUM MERDEKA

Fani Azfar, Zulva Nisaul Ulum Nisaul Ulum, Abdur Rachman — Sun, 15 Dec 2024 22:19:54 +0700

This research was conducted to improve students' understanding and skills in Islamic Religious Education subjects. Formative assessment practices are useful for successfully teaching PAI material in the independent curriculum. In presenting the data, this research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, a type of library research through various sources related to the research topic. This research aims to measure and determine the level of student's understanding through formative assessment efforts on cognitive aspects of learning outcomes. The results obtained in this research indicate that implementing cognitive assessments in Islamic Religious Education learning can be carried out using portfolio assessment models, oral, written Penilaiants, and project assessments.

KONSEP BELAJAR TANPA BERMAIN DAN PENERAPANNYA DI LEMBAGA KUTTAB AL-FATIH DALAM PERPEKTIF PSOKOLOGI BELAJAR KONTEMPORER (STUDI ANALISIS KRITIS)

Nurul Fathoro, Septi Gumiandari — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:36:46 +0700

Belajar sambil bermain merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi ketegangan dan kejenuhan siswa ditengah proses pembelajaran. Namun, di Kuttab Al-fatih dalam proses pembelajaran terdapat adab-adab yang harus dikedapankan, sehingga antara belajar dan bermain tidak dapat dilakukan dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Tujuan penelian ini adalah (1) Mengidentifikasi Konsep Belajar Tanpa Bermain di Lembaga Kuttab Al-Fatih, (2) Menganalisis Dampak Penerapan Konsep Belajar Tanpa Bermain terhadap Prestasi dan Perkembangan Siswa, dan (3) Mengevaluasi Penerapan Konsep Belajar Tanpa Bermain dalam Perspektif Psikologi Belajar Kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi analisis kritis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang diaplikasikan adalah observasi partisipatif pasif, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa (1) Pendekatan ini unik karena meskipun secara eksplisit memisahkan elemen bermain dari proses pembelajaran tradisional, Kuttab Al-Fatih mengintegrasikan aspek-aspek pembelajaran yang kaya akan nilai-nilai moral dan agama melalui metode halaqah dan cerita dari Al-Qur'an. (2) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan ini efektif dalam meningkatkan prestasi akademik siswa, seperti kemampuan membaca Al-Qur'an dan memahami mata pelajaran umum. Selain itu, perilaku positif seperti kedisiplinan dan kemandirian dalam aktivitas sehari-hari juga terbentuk dengan baik. (3) Dengan menggabungkan prinsip-prinsip dari teori sosiokultural Vygotsky, konstruktivis Bruner, dan kecerdasan majemuk Gardner, pendekatan ini tidak hanya memfasilitasi transfer pengetahuan tetapi juga mendukung pembentukan karakter yang kuat dan adaptif. Kesimpulan ini menegaskan bahwa, meskipun tidak ada unsur bermain tradisional yang ditekankan, kebutuhan perkembangan anak tetap terpenuhi melalui kegiatan yang dirancang untuk mendukung pembelajaran interaktif dan perkembangan emosional yang stabil. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang bagaimana pendekatan holistik yang menggabungkan nilai-nilai agama dan moral dapat diterapkan dalam pendidikan dasar untuk mendukung perkembangan akademik dan karakter siswa secara optimal.

PENDEKATAN PENDIDIKAN MODEL EKSISTESIALISME MARTIN HEIDEGGER DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI ERA MODERN

Zulfa Nailul Izzah, Usman Usman — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 21:32:19 +0700

Artikel ini membahas penerapan pendekatan eksistensialis Martin Heidegger dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) untuk menghadapi tantangan di era modern. Berdasarkan pemikiran Heidegger tentang "Dasein" atau eksistensi manusia, eksistensialisme menekankan pentingnya kebebasan individu, tanggung jawab, dan pencarian makna hidup yang autentik. Dalam konteks PAI, prinsip-prinsip tersebut relevan untuk mengembangkan karakter siswa berdasarkan nilai-nilai Islam. Pendekatan ini mampu menanggapi krisis identitas dan dampak sekularisasi yang mengancam generasi muda. Melalui kajian pustaka, penelitian ini menganalisis relevansi eksistensialisme dalam memperkaya metodologi PAI, khususnya melalui pembelajaran reflektif dan eksperiensial. Implikasi praktis yang diusulkan meliputi peran guru sebagai fasilitator, pembelajaran berbasis refleksi, dan pengembangan kesadaran diri siswa sebagai individu yang unik. Diharapkan pendekatan ini dapat memperdalam pemahaman spiritual dan membantu siswa menemukan tujuan hidup yang sejalan dengan ajaran Islam.