Correction and Retraction

The published version is the official record. Resolusi does not silently change published articles; where a change matters, it publishes a notice that is permanently linked to the article, and it follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines.

Types of notice

Notice

Used when

Correction (Erratum)

An error by the journal or the author that affects the meaning, data, figures, authorship, affiliations, funding or competing-interest statements, but the work remains reliable

Editor's Note

An editorial comment on a published article, for example a known limitation or an update on a pending inquiry

Editorial Expression of Concern

Serious concerns about the integrity or reliability of an article are being investigated, or an investigation is inconclusive, and readers should be alerted

Retraction

The findings or conclusions are unreliable because of serious error or misconduct, or the article should not have been published

Removal

Rare: content is taken down for legal reasons (defamation, copyright infringement, privacy breach, court order, serious risk to individuals)

Grounds for retraction

  • Clear evidence of fabrication, falsification, plagiarism or unattributed duplicate publication
  • Honest error that invalidates the conclusions
  • Research done without required ethical approval or consent
  • Authorship or peer-review manipulation
  • Undisclosed competing interests that would have materially affected review or interpretation

Retraction is a neutral tool to correct the literature and is not itself a punishment; it is not used for disagreement with an author's interpretation (use Post-Publication Discussion).

How a correction or retraction is handled

  1. A request or concern arrives from an author, reader, reviewer, editor or institution. Authors submit: article title, DOI, corresponding author's name and email, a description of the error, and justification for the change.
  2. The Editor-in-Chief decides, with an independent editor, on the type of notice, consulting the authors and, where needed, the institution.
  3. A separate notice is published with its own DOI, stating the article's title, authors and DOI, what was wrong, who raised it, and what was changed. Reasons for retraction are always stated.
  4. The notice and the original are linked in both directions, and the original article is marked clearly (for example, "Retracted" on every page of the PDF and in the page header).
  5. The retracted article stays online for transparency unless it falls under Removal.
  6. Metadata is updated in Crossref (including Crossmark update information) and in the journal's indexing profiles, and authors' institutions are informed if misconduct is established.
  7. Target time: corrections within 30 days of a verified request, retractions and expressions of concern within 14 days of the decision.

Author-requested retraction or correction

A retraction requested by authors needs the written agreement of all authors and a clear reason. If authors disagree, the matter is handled as a misconduct case. Authors' honest correction of their own error is viewed positively.

Minor changes

Changes that do not affect meaning (for example, a typographical error in the layout or a broken link) may be corrected in the published file with a dated version-history note on the article page

Appeals

Authors may appeal a retraction or correction decision once, in writing, within 30 days. The appeal is reviewed by an editor who was not involved in the decision.