Tingkat Demokrasi dan Pemenuhan Universal Health Coverage
Reassesment lintas negara
universal health coverage, autokrasi, demokratisasi, demokrasi
Abstract
Ketimpangan akses kesehatan harus menjadi fokus utama dari pemerintah suatu negara. Pemenuhan akses kesehatan diwujudkan oleh pemerintah global melalui pemenuhan Universal Health Coverage (UHC). UHC adalah target dari pemerintah untuk mewujudkan layanan kesehatan bagi seluruh elemen masyarakat tanpa adanya hambatan finansial. Pemenuhan UHC di suatu negara sering dikaitkan dengan kualitas sistem negara karena akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil UHC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak sistem negara terhadap pemenuhan UHC di suatu negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi sederhana. Data yang diambil adalah kualitas demokrasi egaliter dari V-Dem serta indeks Universal Health Coverage dari Global Burden of Disease. Kurun waktu yang digunakan adalah tahun 1990, 2010, dan 2019 dengan total negara sebanyak 171. Berbeda dengan literatur terdahulu, hasil assessment menunjukkan bahwa kualitas demokrasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemenuhan UHC di negara autokrasi dan negara yang sedang mengalami demokratisasi. Maknanya, terdapat faktor lain yang lebih signifikan untuk mempengaruhi pemenuhan UHC di negara autokrasi dan negara demokratisasi. Sedangkan, kualitas demokrasi pada negara demokratis berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemenuhan UHC. Kondisi tersebut terjadi karena masing-masing negara memiliki pandangan tersendiri untuk mewujudkan layanan kesehatan, sehingga efek kualitas demokrasi akan berbeda-beda.
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