EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PANEL SURYA BERBASIS PENDINGINAN PHOTOVOLTAIC DENGAN MATERIAL PCM

Muhamad Lufi Azizi; Sunaryo Sunaryo; Akhmad  Irfan

doi:10.32500/jebe.v7i2.11104

Authors

Muhamad Lufi Azizi Universitas Sains Al-Qur'an
Sunaryo Sunaryo Universitas Sains Al-Qur'an
Akhmad Irfan Universitas Sains Al-Qur'an

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32500/jebe.v7i2.11104

Keywords:

Pendinginan, Photovoltaic, Phase Change Mateiral, Efisiensi, Kinerja termal

Abstract

Pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi alternatif dalam sektor kelistrikan terus mengalami perkembangan pesat seiring meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat. Namun demikian, panel surya Photovoltaic masih menghadapi tantangan signifikan dalam hal efektivitas, efisiensi konversi energi, dan performa pendinginan yang kurang optimal. Kondisi ini berdampak langsung pada penurunan daya keluaran dan efisiensi kerja panel, sehingga membatasi potensi maksimal teknologi Photovoltaic. Salah satu aspek krusial dalam menjaga kinerja panel adalah sistem pendinginan yang mampu menstabilkan suhu kerja panel saat beroperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh metode pendinginan terhadap efektivitas, efisiensi, serta karakteristik termal dan hidrolik panel surya fotovoltaik melalui pendekatan eksperimental dan numerik. Objek penelitian menggunakan panel surya berbasis material polikristalin silikon berukuran 76 cm × 67 cm dengan kapasitas daya maksimum 100 Watt. Kegiatan ekperimen dilakukan dengan dua skema pendinginan pasif yaitu konveksi bebas dan penggunaan material pengubah fasa (PCM) berupa minyak kelapa dan lemak hewan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan efisiensi pendinginan konveksi bebas sebesar 23,68%, sedangkan pendinginan PCM minyak kelapa 22,08% dan lemak hewan 29,44%. Panel surya dengan menggunakan PCM lemak hewan didapatkan nilai output power sebesar 92,17 Watt, dengan penurunan temperatur permukaan sebesar 5-9℃. Aplikasi PCM ini terbukti meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivas kinerja photovoltaik dalam menghasilkan energi listrik.

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