Submissions

Author Guidelines

AUTHOR GUIDELINES

JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC, BUSINESS AND ENGINEERING (JEBE)

Scientific manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Economic, Business and Engineering (JEBE) may be written in either Indonesian or English, provided that they follow proper academic writing conventions. The language used throughout the manuscript must be clear, systematic, communicative, and consistent from the title through the conclusion. Authors are not permitted to mix Indonesian and English within a single manuscript, except for technical terms that do not yet have appropriate equivalents.

If the manuscript is written in Indonesian, it must follow the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI) and include two abstracts: one in Indonesian and one in English, both containing equivalent content. Conversely, if the manuscript is written entirely in English, only an English abstract is required, using proper academic writing conventions.

ARTICLE TITLE

The article title must be written entirely in capital letters, centered, using Times New Roman font size 12, and should not exceed 15 words. The title must clearly reflect the focus of the research, including the main variables, approach or method used, and the research context. Authors should avoid overly general, ambiguous terms or uncommon abbreviations. A good title should be specific, informative, and capable of attracting readers while accurately representing the contribution of the study.

AUTHOR IDENTITY

Author names must be written without academic titles, followed by institutional affiliation consisting of the study program, faculty, and university. The corresponding author’s email address must be provided and remain active to facilitate academic communication. The order of authors should reflect their respective contributions to research.

ABSTRAK (Indonesian)

The abstract must be written in a single paragraph with a maximum length of 200 words, using Times New Roman font size 11, single spacing, and justified alignment. The abstract should provide a complete summary of the research, including the urgency or brief background of the problem, research objectives, main methods employed, and principal findings obtained (preferably including quantitative data or significant findings), as well as conclusions and research implications. Abstracts must not contain citations, tables, or figures and should remain concise, informative, and compact.

Keywords: 3–5 relevant words or phrases related to the research topic, separated by commas and ending with a period.

ABSTRACT (English)

The English abstract is a translation of the Indonesian abstract and must follow the same format, using Times New Roman font size 11, single spacing, justified alignment, and italic font style. The structure of the abstract must remain consistent with the Indonesian version, including background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.

1. INTRODUCTION

The introduction should be written systematically using a general-to-specific flow and should be approximately 2–3 pages in length. The opening section must demonstrate the urgency of the research through the presentation of real phenomena supported by empirical data within local, national, or global contexts. Subsequently, the author should critically discuss previous studies to illustrate developments in the related topic while identifying weaknesses or limitations in prior research.

Based on the literature review, the author must clearly identify the research gap that forms the basis of the study. The gap may relate to methodological limitations, insufficient variables, low accuracy, or the absence of a particular approach within the investigated context. The author must then explain the novelty or contribution of the research, whether in the form of a new approach, model, method, or application context.

The introduction should conclude with clearly formulated, specific, measurable research objectives aligned with the identified problems.

2. METHODS

The methods section must explain in detail how the research was conducted so that it can be understood and replicated by other researchers. This section begins with a description of the research design or approach employed, such as quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, or system development, including the rationale for selecting the approach.

The author should then explain the research objects and subjects, including the location and duration of the study where relevant. Data types and sources must also be clearly described, including whether the data are primary or secondary, as well as their quantity and characteristics. Data collection techniques should be systematically explained, including instruments such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, or documentation.

If the study involves variables, the operational definitions and measurement indicators must be clearly explained to avoid differing interpretations. The data analysis techniques should then be described according to the research approach, such as statistical analysis, regression, SEM, thematic analysis, or system evaluation, accompanied by the rationale for choosing the method.

Finally, the author should describe the research stages or procedures sequentially, starting from problem identification through conclusion drawing, so that the entire research process can be comprehensively understood.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section represents the core of the scientific article and is usually the longest section. Research findings should be presented systematically in the form of tables, graphs, or other relevant visualizations while maintaining clarity and readability. The results presented should represent the final outcomes of the analysis process without displaying unnecessary detailed calculations.

3.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations and acronyms may be used if they are commonly recognized within the relevant scientific field, such as SI, AI, or GDP. However, uncommon terms must be written in full upon first use, followed by the abbreviation in subsequent mentions.

For example: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is one of the widely used analytical methods. In subsequent discussions, the term may simply be written as SEM.

The use of abbreviations in titles should be avoided and must remain consistent throughout the manuscript.

3.2 Units and Symbols

Units used in the article must follow the International System of Units (SI) and be applied consistently. Authors are not allowed to mix different measurement units within the same context.

Examples of correct unit usage include:

• 10 m/s
• 25 °C
• 5 kg

Standard symbols must be used consistently without combining them with fully written forms within the same expression.

3.3 Equations or Formula

Mathematical equations or formulae must be written clearly and consistently. Variables in equations should be written in italic font, while constants may use regular font. If more than one equation is presented, each equation must be numbered sequentially on the right-hand side.

Example of equation formatting:

[Equation (1)]

Equation (1) illustrates a linear relationship between the independent variable (x) and the dependent variable (y), where m represents the gradient and b is a constant. Each displayed equation must be referenced and explained within the text.

3.4 Tables and Figures

Tables and figures are used to clarify the presentation of data and research findings. Every table and figure must be numbered sequentially and accompanied by clear and informative titles. Table titles should be placed above the table, while figure titles should be placed below the figure.

Each table and figure must be referenced in the manuscript narrative and accompanied by an explanation discussing the meaning of the presented data. Tables and figures are not permitted to stand alone without explanation. Authors should explicitly refer to them within the narrative using expressions such as “Based on Table 1…” or “As shown in Figure 1…”.

For example, data presentations may be displayed in the following table format:

Table 1. Characteristics of Respondents Based on Age.

[Table 1]

Based on Table 1, most respondents were in the 25–35 years age group, accounting for 45% of the total respondents.

For visual presentation, the results may also be displayed in the form of graphs or charts:

[Figure 1]

Figure 1. Distribution Graph of Respondents Based on Age

As shown in Figure 1, the 25–35 years age group had the highest number of respondents compared to the other groups.

3.5 Citations, Quotations, and References

In scientific writing, every idea or research derived from another source must be properly cited. Citations must follow the Harvard referencing style, which includes the author’s surname and year of publication.

Examples of citation formats:

• At the end of a sentence: (Sari, 2021)
• Within a sentence: Sari (2021) states that…
• Two authors: (Sari and Nugroho, 2021)
• More than two authors: (Pratama et al., 2020)

Indirect quotation (paraphrasing) is strongly recommended rather than direct copying to maintain the originality of the manuscript.

All sources cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and every reference list must be cited in the text.

3.6 Discussion

The discussion should scientifically interpret the findings, explain relationships among variables or investigated phenomena, and provide logical reasoning for the results obtained. Authors are also expected to relate the findings to relevant theories and previous studies to demonstrate the position and contribution of the research to scientific development.

In addition, the discussion should include the strengths and limitations of the research as well as theoretical and practical implications. Subheadings may be used where necessary to improve the clarity of the discussion structure.

4. CONCLUSION

The conclusion section should summarize the main findings of the study that directly address the research objectives formulated earlier. Conclusions must be concise, clear, and should not merely repeat the discussion but instead emphasize the principal findings derived from the analysis.

This section should also include theoretical and practical implications to demonstrate the contribution of the research to scientific development and its practical applications.

Authors are encouraged to acknowledge the limitations encountered during the research process as a form of scientific reflection and transparency. These limitations may provide the basis for suggestions or recommendations for future studies.

Where necessary, recommendations may be presented briefly, focusing on future research development, methodological improvements, or broader implementation of the research findings.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The acknowledgment section is intended to express appreciation to individuals, institutions, or organizations that have supported the research and manuscript preparation, including financial, academic, technical, or institutional support. The acknowledgment should be written concisely, clearly, and professionally in paragraph form.

REFERENCES

The reference list must follow the Harvard referencing style according to journal guidelines. References should be relevant, up-to-date, and derived from credible sources, with scientific journals—particularly those published within the last five years—serving as the dominant references. Every source included in the reference list must be cited within the text, and vice versa.

Authors are encouraged to use reference management software such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote to ensure consistency and accuracy in citation formatting.

Examples of references:

Pratama, D., Wijaya, A., and Putri, S. 2020. The Influence of Promotion and Price on Consumer Purchase Intention. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 8(1), pp. 45–60.

Putra, M. 2022. Data Analysis Approaches in Decision Making. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), pp. 67–75.

Sari, R. 2021. The Effect of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction. Jakarta: Penerbit Nusantara.

Sari, R. and Nugroho, A. 2021. Analysis of Factors Affecting Consumer Purchasing Decisions. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 10(2), pp. 123–135.