PERANCANGAN GREENHOUSE AEROPONIK BERBASIS IOT UNTUK OPTIMALISASI MIKROKLIMAT PEMBIBITAN KENTANG DI DATARAN TINGGI TROPIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32699/jiars.v15i2.10329Keywords:
arsitektur tropis adaptif, greenhouse aeroponik, IoT, smart architectureAbstract
Ketersediaan pangan global menghadapi tekanan besar akibat perubahan iklim dan pertumbuhan populasi yang pesat, sehingga diperlukan inovasi arsitektur pertanian yang adaptif terhadap dinamika lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengembangkan greenhouse aeroponik berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dengan pendekatan experimental design-based research serta berfokus pada metode smart architecture engineering untuk mendukung pembibitan kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) di dataran tinggi tropis. Sistem dirancang sebagai ruang arsitektural responsif yang mampu mengontrol suhu, kelembapan, dan pencahayaan secara real-time melalui sensor DHT22, BH1750, dan pH–TDS meter yang terhubung ke mikrokontroler ESP32. Implementasi desain adaptif berstruktur baja ringan dengan ventilasi silang dan material reflektif terbukti menjaga stabilitas suhu dalam rentang 18–21 °C dan kelembapan 80–90%, sesuai kebutuhan fisiologis tanaman. Hasil uji lapangan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi arsitektur tropis adaptif dan sistem kontrol IoT menghasilkan lingkungan mikroklimat yang stabil dengan efisiensi energi dan air yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menegaskan peran arsitektur dalam konteks pertanian presisi sebagai sistem termal dinamis yang responsif terhadap perubahan iklim. Model Sustainable Smart Greenhouse Architecture yang dihasilkan berpotensi menjadi solusi replikatif untuk kawasan dataran tinggi Indonesia dalam mewujudkan transformasi digital pertanian dan ketahanan pangan berkelanjutan.
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