FIQH AL-ḢADÎṠ OF NAJS REMOVAL

Everyday life offers new things, conditions and challenges that can affect the field of fiqh. As people face complex life, they demand further answer and explanation on how Islam deal with those issues. One which raise questions is the case of najs removal as it lies in central position of prayers. It becomes the foundation that determines whether the worship practice is lawful or not. This paper discusses the types of an-najs in al-fiqh al-Islamiyy and various methods of removing najs both classically and contemporary/modern, by providing accounts from the fiqh al-ḣadîṡ. By addressing this issue, this article aims at giving explanation on how fiqh on removal progresses following the context and is accommodating contemporary developments of Muslims’ lives.


A. INTRODUCTION
Islam is a complete religion. It has teachings which govern all aspects of Therefore, this essay would like to look at (1) methods to clean an-najs with classical or normative ways, and (2) methods to clean an-najs in modern or contemporary ways. And by those two questions, this essay is in efforts to (1) discuss normative ways in cleaning the an-najs, and (2) give some glimpses on new, modern and contemporary ways that could be put in dialectical dialogue and discourse or already happened in our daily talk and life.
Some works have given valuable and respectable thoughts in such a topic that for example can be mentioned here (Rohmani, 2019: 1-125) which discussed the purity of clothes which were cleaned by washing machine. Two things that might differ from Rohmani`s work from this essay are objects and tools or ways. This essay will make a wider discussion to other objects for example mattress, praying carpet, blanket, etc. The second difference is that this essay will expand in the tool of purifying or washing, from hand pouring, hand washing until washing machine. In brief, some discussions will focus on conservative or classic ways in cleaning the an-najs supported with great literature and proofs from Islamic law and heritage. And some others will look at modern ways. Here, this essay is trying to look at them in interactive dialogue between the ways. Furthermore, this essay is classified as a qualitative work which is based on theoretical, literal and library research and analysis. The research object here is annajs purification, especially in modern or contemporary ways.

Everything
"From al-Hârîth ibn 'Amr: The Messenger of Allah, Peace and Blessings be upon Him, sent Mu'âẓ to Yemen and he said, "How will you judge?" Mu'âẓ said, "I will judge according to the Book of Allah." The Messenger of Allah, Peace and Blessings be upon Him, said, "What if it is not in the Book of Allah?" Mu'âẓ said, "Then, with the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah." The Prophet said, "What if it is not in the Sunnah of the messenger of Allah?" Mu'âẓ said, "Then, I will strive to form an opinion." The Prophet said, "All praise is due to Allah, who has made suitable the messenger of the messenger of Allah" (Narrated by at-Tirmiẓiy) (al-Tirmiẓî, 2016: 608).
"From Ibn Buraidah, from his father that when The Messenger of Allah Peace and Blessings be upon Him commanded the leader of the war: "If you succeed in encircling the enemy's stronghold, then the enemy wants to be punished according to God's law, don't judge according to God's law. But judge based on your own decision. Because you do not know whether you are right in applying God's law" (Narrated by Aṭ-Ṭahâwîy) (Huda, 2018). In addition to those qualifications, the innovation or opinion should be applied only on those things that could be compared to main laws which have been mentioned before in the Quran or Sunnah.
In another meaning, a new law should be broken down from its main sources of Islamic law or Islamic jurisprudence.

Types of an-Najs a. The Light Najs
Again, Islam is a very detailed religion. It discusses everything from small things to big ones. In an-najs topic, we may give an example of the little kind of it. Al-Hadlramiyy (2009) has mentioned that a boy child`s pee or urine who has not been fed yet except his mother`s milk and has not reached yet

b. The Medium Najs
Second type of an-najs is the medium an-najs. Briefly, it covers all dirties other than small or soft an-najs and big an-najs.
The reason for its name, derived from our usual or daily life, those dirties which are classified as medium najs are normal dirties such as human`s and animal`s feeces, adult`s and animal`s urines.

c. The Heavy Najs
The last kind of najs is the heavy one.
It is a dog's and pig's saliva. Especially the dog, which is a little difficult to clean.
The scientific reason which might be applied to support dog and pig`s saliva as heavy najs is for their contents of germs.

Cleaning an-Najs in Normative Ways
Islamic Jurisprudence might have put the baby boy's pee or urine as little najs for its only light bad smell, with still pure or tends to transparent liquid. In this point we guess that medical science also believes that the baby's pee is assumed and might have been proved in the laboratory for its low level of dirtiness.
Although it is still understood as dirty and that why Islam still commands people, parents, or babysitters to clean it which we will arrive in the core point of how to clean. In addition, methods to clean the medium najs also referred to its term that water is medium to clean and to remove the color and smell of the urine.  before. (Widigdo, 2018: 217-308) added that dialogues and jadal (dialectica) between schools of Islamic thought are a positive thing and considered as a scientific method.
Widigdo's statement can be understood also in worship practice as ṭahârah.
In this topic, some classical era scholars allowed the use of soap in an-najs purification while the others do not agree.

C. CONCLUSION
There are three kinds of an-najs or dirty in Islamic jurisprudence. Those kinds differ from one to another in level of an-najâsah or dirtiness; small or lite najs for its lightness of dirt such as baby boy's urine who has not yet eaten food and drank except his mother`s milk. Second type of an-najs is medium an-najs, which are things except the small an-najs and dog`s saliva.
And the last type is the heavy an-najs.
It is considered as the heavy an-najs type because the dog`s saliva is too dirty in Islamic jurisprudence`s perspective.