A DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK FOR PRIORITIZING GREEN RETROFIT STRATEGIES IN CLINIC BUILDINGS USING AHP

Authors

  • Akhmad F. K. Khitam Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara
  • Mochammad Qomaruddin Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8193-8794
  • Ndaru Ahmad Rizqi Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara
  • Lindawati Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Semarang
  • Zakhy Muhammad Luthfi Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Universitas Sains Al-Qur'an
  • Mohammad Debby Rizani Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Universitas PGRI Semarang
  • Annisa' Carina Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Darul Ulum
  • Supaphorn Akkapin International Collage of Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32699/jiars.v16i1.11558

Keywords:

Green Retrofit, Clinic Building, AHP , Sustainable Healthcare, Decision Making

Abstract

Clinic buildings face challenges in improving environmental performance while maintaining operational efficiency and occupant comfort. This study aims to develop an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based decision-making framework to prioritize green retrofit criteria for clinic buildings. The research was conducted by identifying relevant criteria and sub-criteria through a literature review and obtaining pairwise comparison judgments from 18 experts. The results indicate that the Economic criterion has the highest priority with a weight of 66.05%, followed by Health & User Comfort (18.96%), Technical (9.26%), and Environmental (5.74%) criteria. These findings suggest that financial feasibility is the primary consideration in green retrofit decision-making, although indoor environmental quality and occupant well-being remain important factors in healthcare facilities. The consistency test produced a Consistency Ratio (CR) of 0.0744, indicating acceptable judgment consistency. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed that the priority structure remained stable under various weight variation scenarios. Therefore, the proposed AHP framework can serve as a practical decision-support tool for prioritizing green retrofit initiatives in clinic buildings.

References

Ackley, A., Olanrewaju, O. I., Oyefusi, O. N., Enegbuma, W. I., Olaoye, T. S., Ehimatie, A. E., Ukpong, E., & Akpan-Idiok, P. (2024). Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in healthcare facilities: A systematic literature review and gap analysis. Journal of Building Engineering, 86, 108787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108787

Annura, S., Arabikum, J., Aminingrum, R., Ulu, Z., Saputra, P., Wahyudi, D., & Zuhriyah, L. (2022). EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HOSPITAL BUILDING. Journal of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, 2.

Hanif, M. F., & Hadi, A. A. (2025). Pendekatan Eco-Design Dalam Desain Lanskap Hutan Kota Eduforest Bekasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Arsitektur, 15(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.32699/jiars.v15i1.7560

Hashempour, N., Taherkhani, R., & Mahdikhani, M. (2020). Energy performance optimization of existing buildings: A literature review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 54, 101967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101967

Hidayah, S., & Husin, A. E. (2024). Retrofitting healthcare facility based on regulation of green performance assessment in Indonesia. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2710(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0162033

Igusti, N., Amalia AP, A. R., & Arman, A. (2025). Optimizing Hospital Tariffs and Resource Allocation through Unit Cost Analysis: Lessons from a Major Indonesian Public Hospital. Journal of Current Health Sciences, 5(3), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.47679/jchs.2025127

Jagarajan, R., Abdullah Mohd Asmoni, M. N., Mohammed, A. H., Jaafar, M. N., Lee Yim Mei, J., & Baba, M. (2017). Green retrofitting – A review of current status, implementations and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 1360–1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.091

Juan, Y.-K., Perng, Y.-H., Castro-Lacouture, D., & Lu, K.-S. (2009). Housing refurbishment contractors selection based on a hybrid fuzzy-QFD approach. Automation in Construction, 18(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2008.06.001

Ma, Z., Cooper, P., Daly, D., & Ledo, L. (2012). Existing building retrofits: Methodology and state-of-the-art. Energy and Buildings, 55, 889–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.018

Messakh, J., Ndoen, R., & Riwu, D. D. (2025). Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Publik dalam Kajian Pengembangan Potensi Daya Tarik Wisata Kota Kupang. Jurnal Ilmiah Arsitektur, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.32699/jiars.v15i1.8578

Rahmatullah Masruchin, F., Faisal, M., Yasin Alfa Dani, M., & Rizkyansyah Diyaul Haq, D. (2024). Implementasi Arsitektur Hijau pada Perumahan Subsidi pada Studi Kasus Perumahan Kokoh City Bangkalan Madura. Jurnal Ilmiah Arsitektur, 14(2), 99–107. https://ojs.unsiq.ac.id/index.php/jiars

Röck, M., Saade, M. R. M., Balouktsi, M., Rasmussen, F. N., Birgisdottir, H., Frischknecht, R., Habert, G., Lützkendorf, T., & Passer, A. (2020). Embodied GHG emissions of buildings – The hidden challenge for effective climate change mitigation. Applied Energy, 258, 114107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114107

Saaty, T. L. (1982). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: A New Approach to Deal with Fuzziness in Architecture. Architectural Science Review, 25(3), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1982.9696499

Salim Nur Rohman, R. H., Abidin, Z., & Arsyad, M. I. (2023). ENERGY AUDIT OF LIGHTING SYSTEM, AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND MEDICAL EQUIPMENT IN YARSI PONTIANAK GENERAL HOSPITAL. Telecommunications, Computers, and Electricals Engineering Journal, 1(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.26418/telectrical.v1i2.72005

Shi, Y., & Chen, P. (2024). Energy retrofitting of hospital buildings considering climate change: An approach integrating automated machine learning with NSGA-III for multi-objective optimization. Energy and Buildings, 319, 114571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114571

Shi, Y., Wang, R., & Chen, P. (2023). Multi-criteria decision-making approach for energy-efficient renovation strategies in hospital wards: Balancing energy, economic, and thermal comfort. Energy and Buildings, 298, 113575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113575

Simarmata, T., Maulana, G., & Fahlevi, O. (2023). Artikel Energy Performance Indicator for Health Care Building: A Case Study of a Small sized Hospital in Indonesia. MigasZoom. https://doi.org/10.37525/mz/2023

Timuçin. (2018). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as an Assessment Approach for Architectural Design: Case Study of Architectural Design Studio Timuçin Harputlugil * Timuçin Harputlugil. ICONARP International Journal of Architecture & Planning Received, 6(2), 217–245. https://doi.org/10.15320/ICONARP.2018.53-E-ISSN

Downloads

Published

2026-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Khitam, A. F. K., Qomaruddin, M. ., Rizqi, N. A., Lindawati, Luthfi, Z. M. ., Rizani, M. D. ., Carina, A. ., & Akkapin, S. . (2026). A DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK FOR PRIORITIZING GREEN RETROFIT STRATEGIES IN CLINIC BUILDINGS USING AHP. Jurnal Ilmiah Arsitektur, 16(1), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.32699/jiars.v16i1.11558

Most read articles by the same author(s)