Developing English Reading Material for the Second Grade of Vocational High School

The purpose of this study is to describe how to develop English reading material for the second grade of Vocational High School, and to explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing English reading material for the second grade of vocational high school. Using English reading material for developing the students’ ability, is one of the ways to make students interested to learn English. In the teaching process of English reading material, this paper applies two phases (planning phase, implementing phase, evaluating phase) and PQRST (Preview, Question, Read, Summarize, Test) method. The advantages of developing English reading material for the second grade of vocational high school are: It can develop their vocabulary and grammar mastery. It is described that using reading material in developing the students' proficiency in English is very beneficial. The students get the systematic, effective, and efficient learning method, and also they can enjoy the teaching-learning process. It can make students aware to improve their previous knowledge as basic concepts. Moreover, it can motivate the students to act in the learning process. While their disadvantages: It cannot develop the listening skill directly; It may happen that the students did not understand clearly the generic structure and language feature of the text if they just pay attention to the meaning of each word. The writer hopes that this paper can be used as a reference for the teachers who want to improve their students' ability, especially in reading ability. Furthermore, it can be a reference for the students of the English department who want to write a paper or a thesis.

Besides that, many techniques can be used by the reader. One of them is SQ3R technique (see, for example, Nuttall, 1996;Brown, 2001) starts with skimming the words on text for an overview of the main ideas, and then the readers more focus on reading. It is part of the reading task. By introducing new lessons in the textbook, it is more desirable to start with skimming. The reader can interpret the text word by word, or sentence by sentence to improve reading skills.

2) Scanning
Scanning is also a reading technique that can be used by the reader to get information from text without reading the whole text. The scanning technique is a useful skill especially in daily life, for example in looking for a telephone directory, reading a timetable for getting information quickly.

3) Careful reading
According to Urquhart and Weir (1998), by using reading the learners can study.
The learners attempt to get detailed information in the whole text. Thus, the reading rate seems to be rather slower than other types of reading. Readers often require rereading and inference to connect information with background knowledge is needed.

4) Browsing
Browsing is the sort of reading where readers do not have any particular goals for reading. Parts of a text may be skipped fairly randomly, there is little need to integrate the information. A lot of us often browse magazines and newspapers just for fun. In the classroom, students have few opportunities to browse English articles. It might be desirable for teachers to store supplementary English material for browsing and provide some opportunities to browse them. Grabe and Stoller (2002: 14) state that the point out is the most basic purpose of reading though, it is more complex than commonly assumed. Reading for general comprehension is requires rapid and automatic processing of words. It is a strong skill in informing a general meaning representation of main ideas, and efficient coordination of many processes under very limited time constraints.

c. The Importance of Reading in English Language Learning
Reading is an important thing in learning the English language. The learners should try to develop their reading skills. Educational researchers have found that In this case, the writer used some sources of reading material such as textbooks and from the internet. The writer selects it according to several criteria such as suitability of context, exploitability, and readability of context for the students in the second grade of vocational high school.
All teaching activities begin with some kind of planning. A good teacher has to make a plan to support the teaching-learning process to be successful. Moreover, he/she has to determine the approach which will be used as the guidance in making it. In teaching English, a teacher needs to use various methods to make the students not be bored.
Furthermore, the writer should determine the approach or method of the teaching.
In this paper, the writer just wants to apply two phases (planning phase, implementing phase, evaluating phase) and PQRST (Preview, Question, Read, Summarize, Test) method.
More detail about English reading material is as follows: give a series of instructions to computers. We call this a computer program. If we set up a program the computer can provide other information, such as a list, numbers, letters, words, or even graphs or pictures. Once, we provide a program, the computers can do all this work automatically without further help or instruction. A computer stores and handles numbers. The numbers may be mathematical formulas or columns or figures. The numbers may also be codes that stand or letters of the alphabet, words, or instructions to the computers.
From the material above, the activities of English teaching-learning which uses the two phases of teaching approaches can be described as follows: a. The Planning Phase 1) Firstly, in this phase, an English teacher should establish the learning goal, for example, the goal is to give information about the function of the computer to students and to develop the students' vocabulary mastery of some words related to the topic.
2) The second step is selecting a strategy in teaching.
3) Then, the teacher prepares the supporting material related to the topic such as some pictures of the computer's screen, the computer's machine or CPU, etc.
b. The Implementing Phase Implementing can be used by the teacher in the teaching-learning process in the classroom., while the teaching-learning process is being carried out. For example: 1) The teacher introduces the topic.
2) The teacher gives students the text.
3) The teacher asks the students to read and understand the content of the text.
In this case, students can read it silently or loudly. Then they can ask the questions to teacher if they find the difficult world.
4) The teacher instructs the student to analyze the whole text. It can be the purpose or language features of the text. In this phase, the teacher can evaluate the teaching process. The teacher attempts to gather the information that can be used to determine if his teaching has been successful or not. This can be used by the teacher as ways including quizzes, by noting students' reactions to questions or comments or tests.  c. Students can recite in their head or aloud, but many students find it most effective if they jot down what they recite. This, of course, also makes it much easier to review later. d. Many students also find Self-Reciting helpful because it requires monitoring their attention carefully, and improving it! If they are having difficulty Self-Reciting, this may mean they are not concentrating fully on the reading -but can also provide an incentive for improving their concentration.
e. If students are studying subjects in which the pieces of information are not very meaningful by themselves (such as another language, or formulas, rules, and laws in math and science courses), they will spend a lot of their study time -often 90% or more -reciting. If they are studying a subject that involves well-connected narrative or descriptive material, such as history, sociology, philosophy, or literature, they will probably spend 30% or less of their study time reciting.
Here, after the four steps above have finished, the teacher can give the test to the students, for example: 2) Start by recalling as much as you can without looking at the article or our recitation notes. If we have difficulty, look at the questions we wrote to jog our memory, but don't look at our answers or other notes until we have given our memory a chance to work! 3) Now, look back over our recitation notes to make sure we remembered all the important points and main ideas. If we still think we missed something, look over the reading assignment, too. 4) After this initial Test session, do at least one more before we will be tested on the material. Again, the more we test ourselves, the more firmly the information will be planted in our long-term memory. remember. Then compare their outline to the text. This will show them what they have forgotten.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Developing Reading Materials for the Second
Grade of Vocational High School.

Advantages
a) By using texts of teaching, it can develop the students' interest in reading and improve their reading ability.
b) It can develop their vocabulary and grammar mastery. c) It is described that using reading material in developing the students' proficiency in English is very beneficial. d) Developing reading material for teaching English for the second grade of vocational high school by using PQRST method, can improve a student's understanding, and his/her ability to recall information. In other words, the student is more likely to learn and to learn more, of the material he/she is reading.
If students use this method, reading won't be a waste of their time.
e) The students get the systematic, effective, and efficient learning method, and also they can enjoy the teaching-learning process. f) Encourage the student to improve their previous background knowledge of fundamental concepts. g) Motivate the Students to actively reflect upon the material being studied before its presentation in class and to search for explanations or solutions on their own.

Disadvantages
a) It cannot develop the listening skill directly b) It may happen that the students did not understand clearly the generic structure and language feature of the text if they just pay attention to the meaning of each word or sentence.

E. Conclusion
Based on the discussion above, the writer can conclude that: (a). It is described that using reading material in developing the students' proficiency in English is very beneficial. It can improve their reading skill directly if the teacher uses the appropriate method in teaching. It can develop and improve their vocabulary and grammar mastery. And also it can support them to master their